Gantz chapter 129 indocin4/13/2023 ![]() ![]() In addition, calcium is deposited in or extracted from bone, which serves as a dynamic calcium reservoir. ![]() To maintain eucalcemia, our body is therefore tightly regulating the balance between calcium absorption by the intestine and calcium excretion by the kidney. In consequence, relatively small disturbances in calcium homeostasis can lead to severe symptoms, such as cardiac arrhythmias or cognitive dysfunctions. The extracellular calcium concentration is typically clamped at ∼1.1 mM, whereas the intracellular environment is kept at a 10,000 times lower concentration. To allow for these calcium-dependent processes to function, our body undertakes extensive measures to keep the intracellular and extracellular calcium concentrations and the gradient between these two compartments stable. It serves a broad diversity of roles, which range from intracellular signaling and maintenance of membrane integrity to muscle contraction and neuronal transmission. ![]() Although the amount of the immediately accessible 11 g (1%) of calcium may seem miniscule, this fraction represents a pivotal constituent of our body. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium is stored in bone and teeth and is therefore inaccessible to most physiological processes ( 743). The average adult human body contains ∼1.6% calcium, which relates to ∼1,120 g in a 70-kg individual ( 743).
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